Riesgo seguro: seguridad psicológica en simulación clínica. Revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.30617243e.2026.6.119Palabras clave:
Seguridad psicológica, Simulación clínica, Aprendizaje experiencial, Debriefing, Educación basada en simulaciónResumen
La seguridad psicológica ha emergido como factor crítico en simulación clínica donde los estudiantes participan en escenarios realistas mientras gestionan vulnerabilidad y ansiedad por su desempeño. A pesar de su reconocida importancia, la comprensión sobre cómo opera específicamente en simulación clínica permanece fragmentada. Objetivo: Proporcionar una comprensión integrada del estado actual del conocimiento sobre seguridad psicológica en simulación clínica mediante revisión narrativa. Metodología: Revisión narrativa con búsqueda estructurada en seis bases de datos (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, LILACS, SciELO, DOAJ y ERIC) durante 2015-2025. Se incluyeron artículos de investigación, artículos de revisión y comentarios sobre seguridad psicológica en simulación clínica. La síntesis siguió enfoque temático en cuatro niveles: descriptivo, conceptual, práctico y crítico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 29 estudios con incremento significativo durante 2023-2025 (55%). La distribución geográfica mostró concentración en Estados Unidos (23%) y Canadá (18%). La definición de Edmondson (1999) fue adoptada por 22 estudios. Las estrategias se organizaron en tres fases: prebriefing, simulación y debriefing. La barrera principal fue miedo durante evaluaciones (69%). El 62% identificaron correlaciones significativas entre seguridad psicológica y satisfacción de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: La seguridad psicológica constituye componente fundamental del ecosistema educativo en simulación clínica. La investigación se construye sobre el marco de Edmondson adaptándolo a educación en ciencias de la salud. Las estrategias en tres fases proporcionan marco práctico para implementación. Las direcciones futuras incluyen investigación intercultural, estudios longitudinales y exploración de transferencia hacia práctica clínica real.
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